Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE – Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] – Cisco

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco Сертификаты

Configuring basic rip parameters

To configure RIP, you enable RIP routing for a network and optionally configure other parameters. On the Catalyst 3750 switch, RIP configuration commands are ignored until you configure the network number.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to enable and configure RIP:

 
Command
Purpose

Step 1 

configure terminal

Enter global configuration mode.

Step 2 

ip routing

Enable IP routing. (Required only if IP routing is disabled.)

Step 3 

router rip

Enable a RIP routing process, and enter router configuration mode.

Step 4 

networknetwork number

Associate a network with a RIP routing process. You can specify multiple network commands. RIP routing updates are sent and received through interfaces only on these networks.

Note Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoYou must configure a network number for RIP commands to take effect.

Step 5 

neighborip-address

(Optional) Define a neighboring router with which to exchange routing information. This step allows routing updates from RIP (normally a broadcast protocol) to reach nonbroadcast networks.

Step 6 

offset list [access-list number | name] {in | out} offset [type number]

(Optional) Apply an offset list to routing metrics to increase incoming and outgoing metrics to routes learned through RIP. You can limit the offset list with an access list or an interface.

Step 7 

timers basic update invalid holddown flush

(Optional) Adjust routing protocol timers. Valid ranges for all timers are 0 to 4294967295 seconds.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscoupdate—The time between sending routing updates. The default is 30 seconds.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscoinvalid—The timer after which a route is declared invalid. The default is 180 seconds.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscoholddown—The time before a route is removed from the routing table. The default is 180 seconds.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscoflush—The amount of time for which routing updates are postponed. The default is 240 seconds.

Step 8 

version {1 | 2}

(Optional) Configure the switch to receive and send only RIP Version 1 or RIP Version 2 packets. By default, the switch receives Version 1 and 2 but sends only Version 1.
You can also use the interface commands ip rip {send | receive} version 1 | 2 | 1 2} to control what versions are used for sending and receiving on interfaces.

Step 9 

no auto summary

(Optional) Disable automatic summarization. By default, the switch summarizes subprefixes when crossing classful network boundaries. Disable summarization (RIP Version 2 only) to advertise subnet and host routing information to classful network boundaries.

Step 10 

no validate-update-source

(Optional) Disable validation of the source IP address of incoming RIP routing updates. By default, the switch validates the source IP address of incoming RIP routing updates and discards the update if the source address is not valid. Under normal circumstances, disabling this feature is not recommended. However, if you have a router that is off-network and you want to receive its updates, you can use this command.

Step 11 

output-delaydelay

(Optional) Add interpacket delay for RIP updates sent.
By default, packets in a multiple-packet RIP update have no delay added between packets. If you are sending packets to a lower-speed device, you can add an interpacket delay in the range of 8 to 50 milliseconds.

Step 12 

end

Return to privileged EXEC mode.

Step 13 

show ip protocols

Verify your entries.

Step 14 

copy running-config startup-config

(Optional) Save your entries in the configuration file.

To turn off the RIP routing process, use the no router rip global configuration command.

To display the parameters and current state of the active routing protocol process, use the show ip protocols privileged EXEC command. Use the show ip rip database privileged EXEC command to display summary address entries in the RIP database.

Configuring bgp decision attributes

When a BGP speaker receives updates from multiple autonomous systems that describe different paths to the same destination, it must choose the single best path for reaching that destination. When chosen, the selected path is entered into the BGP routing table and propagated to its neighbors. The decision is based on the value of attributes that the update contains and other BGP-configurable factors.

When a BGP peer learns two EBGP paths for a prefix from a neighboring AS, it chooses the best path and inserts that path in the IP routing table. If BGP multipath support is enabled and the EBGP paths are learned from the same neighboring autonomous systems, instead of a single best path, multiple paths are installed in the IP routing table.

These factors summarize the order in which BGP evaluates the attributes for choosing the best path:

1. Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisconeighbor remote-as router configuration command. You can disable next-hop processing by using route maps or the neighbornext-hop-self router configuration command. 2. Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisconeighbor weight router configuration command to set weights. 3. Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscobgp default local-preference router configuration command or by using a route map. 4. Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco 5. Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco 6. Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoEGP, and an EGP-learned route is lower than one of unknown origin or learned in another way. 7. Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscodefault-metric router configuration command. When an update is sent to an IBGP peer, the MED is included. 8. Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco 9. Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco 10. Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco

Configuring distributed cisco express forwarding

Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) is a Layer 3 IP switching technology used to optimize network performance. CEF implements an advanced IP look-up and forwarding algorithm to deliver maximum Layer 3 switching performance. CEF is less CPU-intensive than fast switching route caching, allowing more CPU processing power to be dedicated to packet forwarding.

In a Catalyst 3750 switch stack, the hardware uses distributed CEF (dCEF) in the stack. In dynamic networks, fast switching cache entries are frequently invalidated because of routing changes, which can cause traffic to be process switched using the routing table, instead of fast switched using the route cache. CEF and dCEF use the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) lookup table to perform destination-based switching of IP packets.

The two main components in dCEF are the distributed FIB and the distributed adjacency tables.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco

Because the switch stack uses Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) to achieve Gigabit-speed line rate IP traffic, dCEF forwarding applies only to the software-forwarding path, that is, traffic that is forwarded by the CPU.

Distributed CEF is enabled globally by default. If for some reason it is disabled, you can re-enable it by using the ip cef distributed global configuration command.

The default configuration is dCEF enabled on all Layer 3 interfaces. Entering the no ip route-cache cef interface configuration command disables CEF for traffic that is being forwarded by software. This command does not affect the hardware forwarding path.

Disabling CEF and using the debug ip packet detail privileged EXEC command can be useful to debug software-forwarded traffic. To enable CEF on an interface for the software-forwarding path, use the ip route-cache cef interface configuration command.

Configuring eigrp

Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) is a Cisco proprietary enhanced version of the IGRP. EIGRP uses the same distance vector algorithm and distance information as IGRP; however, the convergence properties and the operating efficiency of EIGRP are significantly improved.

The convergence technology employs an algorithm referred to as the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL), which guarantees loop-free operation at every instant throughout a route computation and allows all devices involved in a topology change to synchronize at the same time. Routers that are not affected by topology changes are not involved in recomputations.

IP EIGRP provides increased network width. With RIP, the largest possible width of your network is 15 hops. Because the EIGRP metric is large enough to support thousands of hops, the only barrier to expanding the network is the transport-layer hop counter.

EIGRP increments the transport control field only when an IP packet has traversed 15 routers and the next hop to the destination was learned through EIGRP. When a RIP route is used as the next hop to the destination, the transport control field is incremented as usual.

EIGRP offers these features:

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco

EIGRP has these four basic components:

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoNeighbor discovery and recovery is the process that routers use to dynamically learn of other routers on their directly attached networks. Routers must also discover when their neighbors become unreachable or inoperative. Neighbor discovery and recovery is achieved with low overhead by periodically sending small hello packets. As long as hello packets are received, the Cisco IOS software can learn that a neighbor is alive and functioning. When this status is determined, the neighboring routers can exchange routing information. •Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoThe reliable transport protocol is responsible for guaranteed, ordered delivery of EIGRP packets to all neighbors. It supports intermixed transmission of multicast and unicast packets. Some EIGRP packets must be sent reliably, and others need not be. For efficiency, reliability is provided only when necessary. For example, on a multiaccess network that has multicast capabilities (such as Ethernet), it is not necessary to send hellos reliably to all neighbors individually. Therefore, EIGRP sends a single multicast hello with an indication in the packet informing the receivers that the packet need not be acknowledged. Other types of packets (such as updates) require acknowledgment, which is shown in the packet. The reliable transport has a provision to send multicast packets quickly when there are unacknowledged packets pending. Doing so helps ensure that convergence time remains low in the presence of varying speed links. •Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoThe DUAL finite state machine embodies the decision process for all route computations. It tracks all routes advertised by all neighbors. DUAL uses the distance information (known as a metric) to select efficient, loop-free paths. DUAL selects routes to be inserted into a routing table based on feasible successors. A successor is a neighboring router used for packet forwarding that has a least-cost path to a destination that is guaranteed not to be part of a routing loop. When there are no feasible successors, but there are neighbors advertising the destination, a recomputation must occur. This is the process whereby a new successor is determined. The amount of time it takes to recompute the route affects the convergence time. Recomputation is processor-intensive; it is advantageous to avoid recomputation if it is not necessary. When a topology change occurs, DUAL tests for feasible successors. If there are feasible successors, it uses any it finds to avoid unnecessary recomputation. •Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscoprotocol-dependent modules are responsible for network layer protocol-specific tasks. An example is the IP EIGRP module, which is responsible for sending and receiving EIGRP packets that are encapsulated in IP. It is also responsible for parsing EIGRP packets and informing DUAL of the new information received. EIGRP asks DUAL to make routing decisions, but the results are stored in the IP routing table. EIGRP is also responsible for redistributing routes learned by other IP routing protocols.

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These sections contain this configuration information:

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoDefault EIGRP ConfigurationCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoConfiguring Basic EIGRP ParametersCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoConfiguring EIGRP InterfacesCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoConfiguring EIGRP Route AuthenticationCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoConfiguring EIGRP Stub RoutingCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoMonitoring and Maintaining EIGRP

Configuring is-is global parameters

These are some optional IS-IS global parameters that you can configure:

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure IS-IS parameters:

 
Command
Purpose

Step 1 

configure terminal

Enter global configuration mode.

Step 2 

clns routing

Enable ISO connectionless routing on the switch.

Step 3 

router isis

Specify the IS-IS routing protocol and enter router configuration mode.

Step 4 

default-information originate [route-map map-name]

(Optional) Force a default route into the IS-IS routing domain.If you enter route-map map-name, the routing process generates the default route if the route map is satisfied.

Step 5 

ignore-lsp-errors

(Optional) Configure the router to ignore LSPs with internal checksum errors, instead of purging the LSPs. This command is enabled by default (corrupted LSPs are dropped). To purge the corrupted LSPs, enter the no ignore-lsp-errors router configuration command.

Step 6 

area-password password

(Optional Configure the area authentication password, which is inserted in Level 1 (station router level) LSPs.

Step 7 

domain-password password

(Optional) Configure the routing domain authentication password, which is inserted in Level 2 (area router level) LSPs.

Step 8 

summary-address address mask [level-1 | level-1-2 | level-2]

(Optional) Create a summary of addresses for a given level.

Step 9 

set-overload-bit [on-startup {seconds| wait-for-bgp}]

(Optional) Set an overload bit (a hippity bit) to allow other routers to ignore the router in their shortest path first (SPF) calculations if the router is having problems.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco(Optional) on-startup—sets the overload bit only on startup. If on-startup is not specified, the overload bit is set immediately and remains set until you enter the no set-overload-bit command. If on-startup is specified, you must enter a number of seconds or wait-for-bgp.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscoseconds—When the on-startup keyword is configured, causes the overload bit to be set upon system startup and remain set for this number of seconds. The range is from 5 to 86400 seconds.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscowait-for-bgp—When the on-startup keyword is configured, causes the overload bit to be set upon system startup and remain set until BGP has converged. If BGP does not signal IS-IS that it is converged, IS-IS will turn off the overload bit after 10 minutes.

Step 10 

lsp-refresh-interval seconds

(Optional) Set an LSP refresh interval in seconds. The range is from 1 to 65535 seconds. The default is to send LSP refreshes every 900 seconds (15 minutes).

Step 11 

max-lsp-lifetime seconds

(Optional) Set the maximum time that LSP packets remain in the router database without being refreshed. The range is from 1 to 65535 seconds. The default is 1200 seconds (20 minutes). After the specified time interval, the LSP packet is deleted.

Step 12 

lsp-gen-interval [level-1 | level-2]lsp-max-wait[lsp-initial-wait lsp-second-wait]

(Optional) Set the IS-IS LSP generation throttling timers:

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscolsp-max-wait—the maximum interval (in seconds) between two consecutive occurrences of an LSP being generated. The range is 1 to 120, the default is 5.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscolsp-initial-wait—the initial LSP generation delay (in milliseconds). The range is 1 to 10000; the default is 50.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscolsp-second-wait—the hold time between the first and second LSP generation (in milliseconds). The range is 1 to 10000; the default is 5000.

Step 13 

spf-interval [level-1 | level-2] spf-max-wait [spf-initial-wait spf-second-wait]

(Optional) Sets IS-IS shortest path first (SPF) throttling timers.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscospf-max-wait—the maximum interval between consecutive SFPs (in seconds). The range is 1 to 120, the default is 10.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscospf-initial-wait—the initial SFP calculation after a topology change (in milliseconds). The range is 1 to 10000; the default is 5500.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscospf-second-wait—the holdtime between the first and second SFP calculation (in milliseconds). The range is 1 to 10000; the default is 5500.

Step 14 

prc-interval prc-max-wait[prc-initial-wait prc-second-wait]

(Optional) Sets IS-IS partial route computation (PRC) throttling timers.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscoprc-max-wait—the maximum interval (in seconds) between two consecutive PRC calculations. The range is 1 to 120; the default is 5.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscoprc-initial-wait—the initial PRC calculation delay (in milliseconds) after a topology change. The range is 1 to 10,000; the default is 2000.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscoprc-second-wait—the hold time between the first and second PRC calculation (in milliseconds). The range is 1 to 10,000; the default is 5000.

Step 15 

log-adjacency-changes [all]

(Optional) Set the router to log IS-IS adjacency state changes. Enter all to include all changes generated by events that are not related to the Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System Hellos, including End System-to-Intermediate System PDUs and link state packets (LSPs).

Step 16 

lsp-mtu size

(Optional) Specify the maximum LSP packet size in bytes. The range is 128 to 4352; the default is 1497 bytes.

Note Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoIf any link in the network has a reduced MTU size, you must change the LSP MTU size on all routers in the network.

Step 17 

partition avoidance

(Optional) Causes an IS-IS Level 1-2 border router to stop advertising the Level 1 area prefix into the Level 2 backbone when full connectivity is lost among the border router, all adjacent level 1 routers, and end hosts.

Step 18 

end

Return to privileged EXEC mode.

Step 19 

show clns

Verify your entries.

Step 20 

copy running-config startup-config

(Optional) Save your entries in the configuration file.

To disable default route generation, use the no default-information originate router configuration command. Use the no area-password or no domain-password router configuration command to disable passwords. To disable LSP MTU settings, use the no lsp mtu router configuration command.

To return to the default conditions for summary addressing, LSP refresh interval, LSP lifetime, LSP timers, SFP timers, and PRC timers, use the no form of the commands. Use the no partition avoidance router configuration command to disable the output format.

Configuring policy-based routing

You can use policy-based routing (PBR) to configure a defined policy for traffic flows. By using PBR, you can have more control over routing by reducing the reliance on routes derived from routing protocols. PBR can specify and implement routing policies that allow or deny paths based on:

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Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco

You can use PBR to provide equal-access and source-sensitive routing, routing based on interactive versus batch traffic, or routing based on dedicated links. For example, you could transfer stock records to a corporate office on a high-bandwidth, high-cost link for a short time while transmitting routine application data such as e-mail over a low-bandwidth, low-cost link.

With PBR, you classify traffic using access control lists (ACLs) and then make traffic go through a different path. PBR is applied to incoming packets. All packets received on an interface with PBR enabled are passed through route maps. Based on the criteria defined in the route maps, packets are forwarded (routed) to the appropriate next hop.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco

For more information about configuring route maps, see the “Using Route Maps to Redistribute Routing Information” section.

You can use standard IP ACLs to specify match criteria for a source address or extended IP ACLs to specify match criteria based on an application, a protocol type, or an end station. The process proceeds through the route map until a match is found. If no match is found, normal destination-based routing occurs. There is an implicit deny at the end of the list of match statements.

If match clauses are satisfied, you can use a set clause to specify the IP addresses identifying the next hop router in the path.

For details about PBR commands and keywords, see the Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 2 of 3: Routing Protocols, Release 12.2. For a list of PBR commands that are visible but not supported by the switch, see Appendix D, “Unsupported Commands in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(52)SE,”

PBR configuration is applied to the whole stack, and all switches use the stack master configuration.

Configuring switch a

On Switch A, enable routing and configure VRF.

Switch# configure terminal 
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)# ip routing
Switch(config)# ip vrf v11
Switch(config-vrf)# rd 800:1
Switch(config-vrf)# route-target export 800:1
Switch(config-vrf)# route-target import 800:1
Switch(config-vrf)# exit
Switch(config)# ip vrf v12
Switch(config-vrf)# rd 800:2
Switch(config-vrf)# route-target export 800:2
Switch(config-vrf)# route-target import 800:2
Switch(config-vrf)# exit

Configure the loopback and physical interfaces on Switch A. Gigabit Ethernet port 1 is a trunk connection to the PE. Fast Ethernet ports 8 and 11 connect to VPNs:

Switch(config)# interface loopback1
Switch(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v11
Switch(config-if)# ip address 8.8.1.8 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)# exit
Switch(config)# interface loopback2
Switch(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v12
Switch(config-if)# ip address 8.8.2.8 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)# exit
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet1/0/5
Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)# no ip address
Switch(config-if)# exit
Switch(config)# interface fastethernet1/0/8
Switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 208
Switch(config-if)# no ip address
Switch(config-if)# exit
Switch(config)# interface fastethernet1/0/11
Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)# no ip address
Switch(config-if)# exit

Configure the VLANs used on Switch A. VLAN 10 is used by VRF 11 between the CE and the PE. VLAN 20 is used by VRF 12 between the CE and the PE. VLANs 118 and 208 are used for the VPNs that include Switch F and Switch D, respectively:

Switch(config)# interface vlan10
Switch(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v11
Switch(config-if)# ip address 38.0.0.8 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)# exit
Switch(config)# interface vlan20
Switch(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v12
Switch(config-if)# ip address 83.0.0.8 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)# exit
Switch(config)# interface vlan118
Switch(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v12
Switch(config-if)# ip address 118.0.0.8 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)# exit
Switch(config)# interface vlan208
Switch(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v11
Switch(config-if)# ip address 208.0.0.8 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)# exit

Configure OSPF routing in VPN1 and VPN2.

Switch(config)# router ospf 1 vrf vl1
Switch(config-router)# redistribute bgp 800 subnets
Switch(config-router)# network 208.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Switch(config-router)# exit 
Switch(config)# router ospf 2 vrf vl2
Switch(config-router)# redistribute bgp 800 subnets
Switch(config-router)# network 118.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Switch(config-router)# exit 

Configure BGP for CE to PE routing.

Switch(config)# router bgp 800
Switch(config-router)# address-family ipv4 vrf vl2
Switch(config-router-af)# redistribute ospf 2 match internal
Switch(config-router-af)# neighbor 83.0.0.3 remote-as 100
Switch(config-router-af)# neighbor 83.0.0.3 activate
Switch(config-router-af)# network 8.8.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-router-af)# exit 
Switch(config-router)# address-family ipv4 vrf vl1
Switch(config-router-af)# redistribute ospf 1 match internal
Switch(config-router-af)# neighbor 38.0.0.3 remote-as 100
Switch(config-router-af)# neighbor 38.0.0.3 activate
Switch(config-router-af)# network 8.8.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-router-af)# end 

Configuring the pe switch b

When used on switch B (the PE router), these commands configure only the connections to the CE device, Switch A.

Router# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)# ip vrf v1
Router(config-vrf)# rd 100:1
Router(config-vrf)# route-target export 100:1
Router(config-vrf)# route-target import 100:1
Router(config-vrf)# exit
Router(config)# ip vrf v2
Router(config-vrf)# rd 100:2
Router(config-vrf)# route-target export 100:2
Router(config-vrf)# route-target import 100:2
Router(config-vrf)# exit
Router(config)# ip cef
Router(config)# interface Loopback1
Router(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v1
Router(config-if)# ip address 3.3.1.3 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)# interface Loopback2
Router(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v2
Router(config-if)# ip address 3.3.2.3 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)# interface gigabitthernet1/1/0.10
Router(config-if)# encapsulation dot1q 10
Router(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v1
Router(config-if)# ip address 38.0.0.3 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet1/1/0.20
Router(config-if)# encapsulation dot1q 20
Router(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v2
Router(config-if)# ip address 83.0.0.3 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)# router bgp 100
Router(config-router)# address-family ipv4 vrf v2
Router(config-router-af)# neighbor 83.0.0.8 remote-as 800
Router(config-router-af)# neighbor 83.0.0.8 activate
Router(config-router-af)# network 3.3.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router-af)# exit
Router(config-router)# address-family ipv4 vrf vl
Router(config-router-af)# neighbor 38.0.0.8 remote-as 800
Router(config-router-af)# neighbor 38.0.0.8 activate
Router(config-router-af)# network 3.3.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router-af)# end

Enabling is-is routing

To enable IS-IS, you specify a name and NET for each routing process. You then enable IS-IS routing on the interface and specify the area for each instance of the routing process.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to enable IS-IS and specify the area for each instance of the IS-IS routing process:

To disable IS-IS routing, use the no router isis area-tag router configuration command.

This example shows how to configure three routers to run conventional IS-IS as an IP routing protocol. In conventional IS-IS, all routers act as Level 1 and Level 2 routers (by default).

Router A

Switch(config)# clns routing
Switch(config)# router isis
Switch(config-router)# net 49.0001.0000.0000.000a.00
Switch(config-router)# exit
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet1/0/1
Switch(config-if)# ip router isis
Switch(config-if)# clns router isis
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet1/0/2
Switch(config-if)# ip router isis
Switch(config-if)# clns router isis
Switch(config-router)# exit

Router B

Switch(config)# clns routing
Switch(config)# router isis
Switch(config-router)# net 49.0001.0000.0000.000b.00
Switch(config-router)# exit
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet1/0/1
Switch(config-if)# ip router isis
Switch(config-if)# clns router isis
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet1/0/2
Switch(config-if)# ip router isis
Switch(config-if)# clns router isis
Switch(config-router)# exit

Router C

Switch(config)# clns routing
Switch(config)# router isis
Switch(config-router)# net 49.0001.0000.0000.000c.00
Switch(config-router)# exit
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet1/0/1
Switch(config-if)# ip router isis
Switch(config-if)# clns router isis
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet1/0/2
Switch(config-if)# ip router isis
Switch(config-if)# clns router isis
Switch(config-router)# exit

Flooding ip broadcasts

You can allow IP broadcasts to be flooded throughout your internetwork in a controlled fashion by using the database created by the bridging STP. Using this feature also prevents loops. To support this capability, bridging must be configured on each interface that is to participate in the flooding.

Packets that are forwarded to a single network address using the IP helper-address mechanism can be flooded. Only one copy of the packet is sent on each network segment.

To be considered for flooding, packets must meet these criteria. (Note that these are the same conditions used to consider packet forwarding using IP helper addresses.)

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscoip forward-protocol udp global configuration command. •Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco

A flooded UDP datagram is given the destination address specified with the ip broadcast-address interface configuration command on the output interface. The destination address can be set to any address.

When a flooded UDP datagram is sent out an interface (and the destination address possibly changed), the datagram is handed to the normal IP output routines and is, therefore, subject to access lists, if they are present on the output interface.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to use the bridging spanning-tree database to flood UDP datagrams:

Use the no ip forward-protocol spanning-tree global configuration command to disable the flooding of IP broadcasts.

In the switch, the majority of packets are forwarded in hardware; most packets do not go through the switch CPU. For those packets that do go to the CPU, you can speed up spanning tree-based UDP flooding by a factor of about four to five times by using turbo-flooding. This feature is supported over Ethernet interfaces configured for ARP encapsulation.

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Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to increase spanning-tree-based flooding:

To disable this feature, use the no ip forward-protocol turbo-flood global configuration command.

Ip routing and switch stacks

A Catalyst 3750 switch stack appears to the network as a single router, regardless of which switch in the stack is connected to a routing peer. For additional information about switch stack operation, see Chapter 5, “Managing Switch Stacks.”

The stack master performs these functions:

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco

Stack members perform these functions:

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco

If a stack master fails, the stack detects that the stack master is down and elects one of the stack members to be the new stack master. During this period, except for a momentary interruption, the hardware continues to forward packets with no active protocols.

However, even though the switch stack maintains the hardware identification after a failure, the routing protocols on the router neighbors might flap during the brief interruption before the stack master restarts. Routing protocols such as OSPF and EIGRP need to recognize neighbor transitions.

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco

The switch stack supports NSF-capable routing for OSPF and EIGRP. For more information, see the “OSPF NSF Capability” section and the “EIGRP NSF Capability” section.

At election, the new stack master performs these functions:

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Cisco

Pbr configuration guidelines

Before configuring PBR, you should be aware of this information:

Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscoroute-map deny statements for PBR. •Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscosdm prefer routing global configuration command. PBR is not supported with the VLAN or default template. For more information on the SDM templates, see Chapter 8, “Configuring SDM Templates.”Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoDon’t Fragment are not supported. •Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - CiscoCatalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(52)SE - Configuring IP Unicast Routing [Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches] - Ciscomls qos global configuration command) or disabled (by entering the no mls qos command). When QoS is enabled, to ensure that the DSCP value of the traffic is unchanged, you should configure a DSCP trust state on the port where traffic enters the switch by entering the mls qos trust dscp interface configuration command. If the trust state is not DSCP, by default all nontrusted traffic would have the DSCP value marked as 0.

Восстановление забытого пароля

Если вы не знаете пароль к коммутатору, то его нужно сбросить. Для этого выполните следующие действия:

Подключитесь к коммутатору через консоль. Как это сделать — подробно описано в пункте Подключение к коммутатору. Но на этот раз подключаться надо немного по-другому. Нам надо зайти в bootloader. Для этого, перед включением питания коммутатора, нажмите и удерживайте кнопку «mode» (кнопка на передней панели, слева, обычно подписана).

От сюда вы можете управлять файлами во флеш памяти коммутатора. Но перед этим её надо инициализировать. Для этого наберите команду flash_init. После этого вы можете просматривать, копировать, удалять файлы и каталоги из памяти. Команды для этого почти такие же, как в операционной системе MS-DOC.

Для того, что бы просмотреть содержимое флэш памяти, наберите команду dir flash: Замечу, что если в MS_DOC вы бы набирали «C:» или «D:», то тут надо набирать «flash:», т.е. знак “” не нужен. После набора этой команды, вы должны увидеть примерно следующее:

Directory of flash:/
  3  drwx       10176   Mar 01 2001 00:04:34  html
  6  -rwx        2343   Mar 01 2001 03:18:16  config.text
171  -rwx     1667997   Mar 01 2001 00:02:39  c2950-i6q412-mz.121-9.EA1.bin
  7  -rwx        3060   Mar 01 2001 00:14:20  vlan.dat
172  -rwx         100   Mar 01 2001 00:02:54  env_vars
 
7741440 bytes total (3884509 bytes free)

Здесь, html — это каталог, в котором находится web интерфейс. config.text — фийл, в котором хранятся все настройки коммутатора, в том числе и пароль. c2950-i6q412-mz.121-9.EA1.bin — операционная система коммутатора. Зависит от серии коммутатора. vlan.dat — здесь хранятся настройки vlan-ов. env_vars — файл с переменными окружения.

Установка ОС IOS

Далее, переименуйте конфигурационный файл, если он вам понадобится в будущем, или, если настройки коммутатора не нужны, просто удалите его. Для переименования, команда, соответственно, такая: rename flash:config.text flash:config.text.old.

После загрузки, операционная система задаст вам вопрос: «Continue with the configuration dialog? [yes/no]:». Если файл конфигурации вам не нужен, и на предыдущем шаге вы его удалили, то ответьте Y. И на этом можно закончить чтение этого пункта, поскольку в процессе предварительной настройки, коммутатор спросит вас, какой пароль установить.

Далее, войдите в привилегированный режим командой enable. Пароль коммутатор спрашивать не будет. Затем переименуйте файл конфигурации обратно, командой rename flash:config.text.old flash:config.text. Теперь примените настройки из этого файла к текущей настройке коммутатора и установите новый пароль:

switch# copy flash:config.text system:running-config
Source filename [config.text]?
Destination filename [running-config]?

switch# config terminal
switch(config)# enable secret <password>
switch(config)# enable password <password>
switch(config)# exit
switch#

switch# copy running-config startup-config

Это всё. Теперь, при входе на коммутатор и вводе команды

enable

, правильным паролем будет являться тот, который вы ввели в место “” на предыдущем шаге.

Подключение через com порт

Для подключения через com порт вам понадобится «консольный провод». Это, как правило, голубой плоский провод. Он должен идти в комплекте с коммутатором. Один конец провода подсоединяется к com порту вашего ПК (у ноутбуков, как правило, нет com порта; конечно, если вы не носите с собой док-станцию).

Этот конец называется DB-9. Другой конец вставляете в место для подключения к коммутатору через консоль. Где именно оно находится — сказать невозможно, это зависит от конкретной модели. Но, как правило, оно подписано соответствующим образом, и находится на задней панели коммутатора.

Место для подключения консоли выглядит так же, как обычный 10mb/100mb порт на коммутаторе. Коннектор (т.е. наконечник) на другом конце консольного провода, как и коннектор для витой пары, называется RJ-45. Таким образом, читая документацию, вы можете увидеть такое определение:

Далее вам надо запустить терминал. Нажмите Пуск->Выполнить и напишите hypertrm (ОС Windows). В появившимся окне напишите любое имя соединения и нажмите Enter. Далее нажмите на кнопку «стандартные настройки» и выберите com порт, к которому подключили консольный провод.

При этом коммутатор должен быть выключен. Если вы его не выключили, сделайте это сейчас. Затем нажмите кнопку ОК. И после чего включите питание коммутатора. Через несколько секунд вам на консоль начнёт выводиться информация о ходе загрузки операционной системы коммутатора.

Но можно (а иногда и нужно) включить коммутатор без загрузки операционной системы, а войти в bootloader и загрузить систему вручную. Подробнее об этом читайте в пункте Установка ОС IOS. Теперь вам придётся немного подождать пока операционная система распакуется, flash память инициализируется и система загрузится.

Затем на консоль выведется приглашение, после чего надо подождать ещё секунд 10 (зависит от модели коммутатора). И после всего этого вы наконец получаете консоль управления, в которой можете набирать команды, тем самым осуществляя настройку коммутатора.

Функциональность коммутатора очень большая, и чем младше модель тем больше функциональность. Объяснение всех функций выходит за рамки этого файла помощи. Здесь вы можете научится использовать одну из самых главных функций коммутатора — настройка VLAN-ов. Подробнее читайте пункты VLAN-ы, теория и VLAN-ы, практика.

Возможно, процесс подключения может показаться вам долгим и неудобным, но на практике он занимает не более двух минут вместе с подсоединением консольного провода. После того, как вы выполните все выше написанные действия, первая команда, которую надо ввести коммутатору — enable.

Эта команда дает вам права администратора коммутатора, и вам становится доступен полный набор команд, которыми надо производить настройку. Но, после набора команды enable коммутатор может спросить у вас пароль. Если вы не знаете пароль и вам не у кого его спросить, то пароль надо сбросить.

В дальнейшем, так же как и пароль, можно сбросить и все настройки, если они были неудачными. Об этом вы можете подробнее прочитать в пункте Восстановление забытого пароля. Если настройки уже сброшены, то коммутатор, после загрузки ОС, задаст вам несколько вопросов, касающихся основных настроек.

Если же операционная система не загрузилась, вероятно, вам придётся её переустановить. Подробнее об этом читайте в пункте Установка ОС IOS. Но учтите, что не загрузиться без явных на то причин она не могла. Если вы не уверены в том, что делаете, то не стоит выполнять указания из пункта по установке ОС IOS.

Всё таки лучше обратиться к специалисту, хотя бы для того, что бы выявить причину, по которой не загружается ОС. Такой случай можно считать экстренным. В переустановке ОС на коммутатор нет ничего сложного, но, повторюсь, что без явной на то причины ОС не могла выйти из стоя.

Так же предупрежу вас, что существуют такие ситуации, после которых коммутатор невозможно починить в «домашних» условиях, и его придётся вести в сервис, внеся кругленькую сумму за ремонт. Если вы не уверены в том, что делаете, вы можете случайно ввести коммутатор в такое состояние.

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